2012年9月27日 星期四

快炒與慢炒---FC段(安晶)

快炒與慢炒---FC段(安晶)

安晶炒了很多批

160~210段時間:*9/28(13min) > *9/17(10min)  > *9/27(6min) 
210~220段時間:*9/28( 7min) > *9/17(  5min)  > *9/27(4min) 
220~230段時間:*9/28( 0min) > *9/17(  0min)  > *9/27(1.5min) 

1C duration & loudness : *9/28  & *9/17 都很小聲,很快就沒了; *9/27很大聲且時間長

*9/17批: 很香
*9/27批: 不香不酸,苦但很甘
*9/28批:


2012年9月25日 星期二

快炒與慢炒---100℃前預熱段



JimH     Posted on 03/27/2011 23:33
I used the same profile as the other 2 beans I tried...
200F at 1:10
300F at 4:45
380F at 7:45 (first crack)
400F at 12:00
To put it in perspective, on my roaster second crack usually starts somewhere around 415F. All of the ramps were pretty smooth and agitation was kept pretty constant.

I have roasted the same Brazil since,
using a slower approach to 200F(慢一點到達200). It was much less ashy at 1:30 to 200F but still somewhat unpleasant.
At 2:00 to 200F it regained some of the lighter chocolates and nutty tones that I prefer.
If I was to hazard a guess, I would say that the large differential between environmental and bean temps necessary for a fast ramp is more destructive in a less dense bean. I had more or less assumed this was true before trying a fast ramp on a soft bean, but I was already so surprised by the positive results I had received from the Java that it seemed like a worthwhile experiment.

One question I do still have is the difference between a fast ramp due to a higher drop temperature and a fast ramp due to greater heat application. Unfortunately, I just ran out of crappy Brazils, so I'll need to order more. It has never ceased to amaze me just how difficult it is to get a good roast out of a low grown soft bean, but that does make them very useful for experimentation.

Jim
JimH
Posted on 04/05/2011 11:11
Allen, I tried your profile this weekend. I also tried another few variations, leaving me with a lot of badly roasted coffee. I love the learning process of experimenting with profiles, but hate the waste.

Anyway, I would agree that your profile has better sweetness and body, but it didn't get rid of the slightly burned taste. A hint of ashiness remained. But while I was roasting, I tried variations. I was curious to see if the ashiness was a product of too high a drop in temperature, or too fast of a temperature increase. I did 4 different roasts, keeping almost all parameters the same. What I changed was drop in temperature, which necessitated a change in temperature ramp, and time to 200.

The 4 Roasts Case were
1) 1:10 to 200 with high drop in temp
(用較高的入豆溫度於 1:10到達200)
2) 1:10 to 200 with fast temperature ramp
(用較高的提溫速率於 1:10到達200)
3) 2:00 to 200 with high drop in temp
(用較高的入豆溫度於 2:00到達200)
4) 2:00 to 200 with fast temperature ramp
(用較高的提溫速率於 2:00到達200)

結果
l   1 and 2 had much better aromas and fuller body, but also had that touch of carbon.
l   3 and 4 had flatter aromas, but no carbon and relatively undeveloped flavors.
l   There also was no significant difference in flavor between high drop in temp and fast temperature ramp in either starting time.
Simply put, it doesn't seem to matter, I would assume because there isn't any thermal mass of the roaster to worry about.

After giving it some thought, I tried the next experiment. I roasted 3 batches, varying the time from 200F to 380F.
再做3個實驗(只變動200℉ 至 380℉的提溫速率 )
l   2:00 to 200F for all
l   7:00, 8:00 and 9:00 to 380F(持續時間分別為 : 567分鐘)
l   full city finish at 11:00, 12:00 and 13:00 (4:00 from 1st to finish)
結果
l   The 11 minute roast had good clarity, less sweetness, less body, but no carbon or ashiness.
l   The 12 minute roast was fuller, sweeter, undoubtedly a better roast.
l   The 13 minute roast was even more full, sweeter, very nice flavor development, but it was starting to get a slight woody accent.
All of these roasts had a significant weight loss while roasting, so it is possible that I simply ran out of moisture towards the end of the 13 minute roast. Even so, it is definitely the best of the three. I am now very interested to see how it tastes as espresso.

Jim




2012年9月24日 星期一

Roast Level Guidelines

Roast Level Guidelines
烘焙度參考:
1:淺焙1爆即將結束或剛結束 202~206℃《酸度明顯‧甜度香味果酸回甘程度佳》
2:淺中~中淺焙 208~212℃《香氣突出‧甜度厚質大幅提升》 ←大部份建議採用此烘焙程度
3:中~中深焙 214~218℃《整體平衡‧適合各種沖煮方法》
4:深焙 220℃以上《口感濃郁‧苦味明顯‧適合義式濃縮咖啡機及摩卡壺》

jkoll42 wrote:How I understand it:

FC: Nearly at 2C
FC+: Just into first 2C snaps
Vienna: Early rolling 2C
French: Approaching end of 2C

咖啡烘培度
The Home Roaster Color Chart




 


Diagnosis Guidelines

Roast Profiling Guidelines


Roast Profiling Guidelines

·         好的生豆才能烘出好的熟豆,garbage in, garbage out. 
·         Drying times ignore(subtract) time the BT is under 200F of profiles. (95以下的時間不必計較)
  • 烘炒咖啡豆的三個階段
1.    95~145--  drying phase (95 to 145 bean temperature (BT)), 
2.   145~FC-- first ramp (145 to the first crack (約 198 BT), 
3.    FC~dump--  finishing ramp (FC to the end of the roast). 

Profile time proportion(三個階段的時間比例)
l General proportion of 4:3:3 (Drying : ramp to 1C : 1C to EOR).
l the proportion is more important
 another_jim wrote:My feeling is that it is the proportion of time spent in each phase of the roast that is more important that the overall time. If I use a 3/3/3 profile (warmup, ramp to first, and roast finish) on my air roaster, and a 4/4/4 on my drum, the results are usually very much the same.
如果我的熱風烘豆機 用3/3/3的時間比例,而我的桶式烘豆機用 4/4/4的時間比例,其結果應是非常接近相同的口味。

Rate of rise (RoR) Roast Profiles (Write-In) :
l Never should the RoR become negative (BT decreasing).
1.      Drying stage
l ignore(subtract) time the BT is under 95 when looking at profiles.
l 17~23/min  climb, depending on the coffee.
l 在達到約 145℃時,預先降低火力,將溫度維持於150~160℃之間 緩升,觀察豆子顏色由淡綠轉亮綠色,當亮綠色逐漸轉白色時,表示豆溫約在150℃,這時式催火上一爆的時機。(hottop roaster 說明書)
l 乾燥段是必須的,但不要太長以免變成”烘焙,以而言大約用3分鐘脫水時間太長時,芳香化合物不會生成,風味將變為平淡並有些許燒焦味
l I'm giving up on tight 4-minute drying times as well, as grassiness is distinct. Flavors have opened up considerably when the early roast phases are given more time to develop. 

l 催火上一爆慢速進一爆
l for an increase of 16-20°F (9~11℃)/min  throughout this stage.
another_jim wrote:
I'm always on full brake going into the first crack(在進入一爆前我會剎車全踩), since I'm switching from the fast ramp to the first to the slower finishing ramp. I've had nasty, grassy results going through the first crack fast and then braking; so now I always brake before it starts.
0:00 = 392°F (200°C) / beginning of first crack:
0:30 - 400
°F (204°C); +4°C
1:00 - 408
°F (209°C); +5°C
1:30 - 416
°F (213°C); +4°C
2:00 - 425
°F (218°C); +5°C
2:30 - 434
°F (223°C); +5°C
l   from start of first crack until end of roast must be at least 3 minutes.
l   第一爆開始到結束烘烤”這段時間實在是非常非常的重要,大概抓4.5~5分鐘的14~15分鐘的烘烤過程裡,少有達到第二爆2.5分鐘時間太短風味甚差
l   我的烘豆曲線大同小異,但是仍有些許差異。我會變動熱量供應已改變到達第一爆的時間;至於第一爆以後,不管是否到達第二爆,我大概會維持多於4'30"而又少於 6'00"




That part of the roasting curve after FC, I keep more or less constant at a straight line gradient of between 3-4 C/Minute and stop the roast at some point along this line and usually before Second Crack(SC) starts for most bean varieties.一爆後的曲線,我保持一條直線似的斜率3-4 ℃/Min,並且保持這個斜率直到近二爆 才結束煎焙。
 It is really important to control the roast during FC so that it doesnt either run away or start to stall; 第一爆期間的溫度非常重要,不要讓她失控也不要讓他停頓you need to hold a very shallow gradient here until FC starts to taper off and then increase to one something like the gradient above, towards SC. FC這段期間你需要一個很淺的斜度直到第一爆活動開始變弱,然後開始反轉向上到第二爆Ive gotten so used to roasting this way now that it has almost become automatic for me but always enjoyable. I think you just need to find something that works for you, with the roasting hardware you use and then make little tweaks as time goes on and you become more confident with the process and... The results in the cup 8-)



烘炒咖啡的利器---探針式溫度計

用砂鍋炒咖啡豆
第一次炒時,沒用溫度計,怕咖啡豆燒焦,用小火炒了40多分鐘,完全是盲目進行。

找了許多數位溫度計,就是這支最合我用
《三箭牌》300℃多功能電子溫度計

用一個文書用的鐵夾子,鑽一個洞把探針插進去,用鐵線綁住固定在鐵夾子上。
把夾子夾在砂鍋的鍋邊,然後用鉗子把探針分段稍稍折彎,使探針不會接觸鍋底。
炒豆時,左手抓住探針固定,右手翻炒豆子,每隔一分鐘記錄溫度一次。

2012年9月23日 星期日

快炒與慢炒---脫水段

快炒與慢炒---脫水段

 Re: profile to FC
I did do a couple of roasts on Sunday were I did a slow long ramp to about 150, then quick to FC and another batch were I did a linear ramp to FC.
星期天我烘兩批豆子,
第一批以又慢又長的時間速度-->慢烘到150℃,然後快速到第一爆。
第二批以直線方式從常溫到第一爆。(圖)
FC~SC Duration 相同,同樣在SC後15秒下豆。

我發現
  •  慢烘方式會讓豆心較黑、豆表較淡。
  •  線性方式則是內外顏色一致
Have’nt tasted them yet.尚未試喝
One thing I did notice was slow ramp was darker inside the bean. The "skin" was lighter. The linear roast was the same colour through the bean.

The second half of the roast (FC-SC) was the same, stopping 15 seconds after SC.

試喝結果 :第二批”線性焙炒方式” 較差
bassway          6th May 2009
Any way, I tried these two roasts this morning.
The roast with the long slow ramp to 150 tasted quite bright and sharp, a little too much. Very complex. The aroma was also bright and complex, kind of rose like? but bright.

The roast with the linear ramp to FC tasted muted. Full of bass notes. ;)
The aroma was more like cordial. The flavour/smell was there but not as complex or bright. Kind of like comparing a fresh apple to a cooked one.
The linear roast sounds worse than it was. If I had it on its own I would have enjoyed much more, it was quite nice.
If I had the slow ramp roast on its I would have not liked it as much. It was too sharp. But "truer" to the bean.

                 Postby slickrock on Mar 29, 2012, 2:52 am
JWilliams wrote:Well I finally nailed a few this week...I really think that a fast drying phase (under 4:15) with a 450g-500g load does not work with many coffees in this roaster. ... 

So I've lengthened my drying time and I've lengthen my ramp time and I've noticed a definite increased sweetness and richness to my coffee. 
我延長了 脫水段 及 FC段的時間,很驚艷於他的甜味、風味,我很高興。

I did eight roasts a few days ago, all centrals and all with similar profiles. I cupped 3 today and was astounded by the sweetness, clarity, and overall vibrant flavors. I am very happy.
Agreed. I'm giving up on tight 4-minute drying times as well我也放棄了, as grassiness is distinct, (四分鐘的脫水時間草味很重)though this can be mitigated somewhat if heavier ventilation is used at this stage.
Flavors have opened up considerably when the early roast phases are given more time to develop.


Effects of variable "pre-drying" phase?

Postby Sherman on Mar 29, 2010, 10:56 pm
The results of the first cupping were inconclusive. Unfortunately, I didn't log any of the roast data, so I've chalked it up to a learning experience. On to the next set:

More Poco de Caldas. 440g loads, ~350F BT charge temp. Both roasts finished at ~440F at the beginning of 2C, after outliers but before a full rolling crack. ET readings are a bit off, as the probe is attached to the lid and I have to peek in occasionally to see what's going on :).

Roast 1 is "full power" - that is, heat on the highest setting up to 1C. The remaining ramps are as fast as I dare while trying to keep equal time:
Image

Roast 2 is slower. Full power to 250F, then slowing ramp to hit 300F in 3 minutes. 1C and final ramps stretched to maintain some semblance of equal time in each ramp:
Image

Cupping Results (so far...)
Both roasts were cupped after 1 day's rest, and pulled as 14.5g normales on my Rituale after 2 and 3 days' rest. The cupping results surprised me. Tasting while warm, I had expected to prefer the faster drying, but found it one-dimensional. The slower drying roast had wonderful floral notes and more complexity. After cooling, these preferences held; the faster roast turned a little bitter, but the slower roast had begun to taste sweeter.

As espresso, the slower roast definitely won out - the fast roast was a sharp, acidic pop that faded quickly, where the slower roast was a mellower, creamy milk chocolate.

I don't think that this batch has helped much in terms of determining whether stretching pre-drying has an impact as much as it has given me a solid profile against which to test future batches. The next round will have to wait until after Easter.

Lots to think about, many taste buds to abuse.

-s.


快炒與慢炒---脫水段 (Stuartgrant’s Profile)


FC段的快與慢---Stuartgrant’s Profile

Re: profile to FC stuartgrant 6th May 2009#20
Ok, so I just did two roasts of Peru Ceja de Selva and graphed them alongside a third that we did the other day.
l   Yellow line: FC 9:35@192C, 5 min ramp to SC 14:40@212C, pulled +60 seconds. An agressive profile, slowed on the approach to FC.
l   Blue line: FC 10:35@196C, 6 min ramp to SC 16:55@212C, pulled +30 seconds. "Normal"; kept raising heat setting in order to maintain linear rise to FC.
l   Pink line:
  • 從常溫加熱#3:50到達100℃;
  • 100℃~150℃共4’40”(3:50~8:30);
  • 150℃~FC共3’10”(8:30~11:40);(FC:199℃@11:40)
  • FC ~ SC (18:00@212C) 共6’20”(11:40~18:00)
  • pulled +30 seconds after SC(SC後再30秒出豆).


Kept same heat setting until 150C, then ramped up towards FC.
I was surprised by how nicely they differed on the graph. Havent tasted them yet, obviously. Hopefully well cup them on Friday.
ps. the screenshot is from the HGBM excel spreadsheet made by a CSer and available on the site... ;)



8th May 2009#28
stuartgrant

Ok, so we just cupped our three roasts of Peru Ceja de Selva. Ill give you my impressions…….

Blue line (moderate roast): a deep sweetness, dark choc but with a slight tingle of acidity to give a clean finish. Compared to the others, this one had the deepest sweetness and was unique in having an acidy note.
Yellow line (fastest roast, also went further into SC): less low-end sweetness, more caramel than dark choc. Clean finish but little discernable acidity. Had the most dark-roast characteristics (it was CS10 compared to the others CS9).

Pink (longest "soak" stage): immediately gave us the
best impression. Aroma and flavour were very sweet and perfumy. The dark-roast note was more leather than wood. Very clean finish.

We ranked them the same: Pink best, then Blue, then Yellow. 

Now we are left wondering if this is simply a result of this bean prefering a LONGER roast, or a steeper climb into FC. We know that the Yellow roast was too far into SC (60 seconds) and I reckon well pull it right on SC in future. Well also go fairly slowly, with a longer soak stage of the roast. Very interesting; I would NOT have predicted that roast to be the best!

快炒與慢炒---FC至出豆段


Coffeengineer’s Profile


Coffeengineer 7th May 2009#23

I am settling on a profile to FC that is similar –
我有一個類似的PROFILE
l   slower during the first drying phase較緩慢的升溫至150℃ (phase 1:from starting heat to 150℃)
l   then then get to just under FC quickly ,almost as fast as possible (20/min towards FC以最快的速度由150℃提 溫至接近FC(第一爆)
l   almost stopping just short and allowing the centre of the beans to catch up with a 2 min 1C/min ramp , before the ramp thru FC @ around 4C/min。
   在即將以 4℃/min 通過FC前,我會降低 溫升速率至1℃/min約2 min ,讓豆心溫度跟上來
l   say 10C/min from there(FC) up into SC then cut.
l   from 150℃ to just before SC (phase 2).

*The phase 1 is tweaked for moisture content then get to just under FC quickly - infact this leg is where the highest power requirement in a roast is and limits batch size, so there is a tradeoff between batch size and max dT/dt here.

Typically I am going for 20C/min heading towards FC (end of phase 2) but i am almost stopping just short and allowing the centre of the beans to catch up with a 2 min 1C/min ramp before the ramp thru FC @ around 4C/min, recent testing showing finishing quite quickly works well, from there up into SC then cut, quite quickly. *Depends upon the bean. Still early days for me at present. Nearly finished characterising my roaster.Understanding the chemistry is going to help with knowing which knob to twiddle to fix a problem, and hopefully which way to turn it. :)Cheers,
Eric
  

That part of the roasting curve after FC, I keep more or less constant at a straight line gradient of between 3-4 C/Minute and stop the roast at some point along this line and usually before Second Crack(SC) starts for most bean varieties.一爆後的曲線,我保持一條直線似的斜率3-4 ℃/Min,並且保持這個斜率直到近二爆 才結束煎焙。
It is really important to control the roast during FC so that it doesnt either run away or start to stall; 第一爆期間的溫度非常重要,不要讓她失控也不要讓他停頓you need to hold a very shallow gradient here until FC starts to taper off and then increase to one something like the gradient above, towards SC. FC這段期間你需要一個很淺的斜度直到第一爆活動開始變弱,然後開始反轉向上到第二爆,Ive gotten so used to roasting this way now that it has almost become automatic for me but always enjoyable. I think you just need to find something that works for you, with the roasting hardware you use and then make little tweaks as time goes on and you become more confident with the process and... The results in the cup 8-)

 

香噴噴的尼加拉瓜安晶甜蜜總匯

分五次烘了一公斤的巴西喜拉朵,都沒有烘到香噴噴的。
總以為是自己不會烘
參考了別人的烘豆曲線
101年9/17烘了一批次,9/21好友王氏兄弟帶了喜餅和喜帖來,當場就拿它來現寶一番。
罐子瓶蓋一打開,哇!不得了了
整個客廳香貢貢貢貢香
王氏兄弟分力稱讚我的好手藝
我也高興得當場分了2/3的豆子給他沒回去泡。

9/22(藍色虛線)再烘一次,當然曲線是不太一樣,希望出現奇蹟

下圖是烘尼加拉瓜安晶甜蜜總匯的溫度曲線

9/22再烘這批就沒那麼香了
此後在烘幾次也都乏善可陳

2012-11-11 對09/17 這批安晶烘豆的 ROR分析


2012年9月18日 星期二

淺烘焙profile的密技


Reflections on Roasting Fundamentals - RULING THE ROAST




The fundamental objective of roasting should be to reveal the best possible flavor profile of the bean while developing a balance between roast flavor and bean characteristics.
烘焙的基本目的是要在開發烘焙風味與豆子特性之間求取平衡,發揚豆子最好的風味,

The roast flavor develops as a result of the caramelization of sugars, while the bean flavor represents the terroir of the coffee.
烘焙風味的發展示因為糖的焦糖化反應;而豆子的風味則是代表地理特性。
(Terroir, a French term, literally means “soil” and as a concept, it is mainly used in the wine industry, but can also reflect all the relevant parameters that determine coffee quality: coffee variety, microclimates, processing practices and soil conditions.)
Some roasting companies apply fundamental beliefs to their 
roasting practice and insist on roasting light enough to reveal the 
characteristics of the beans only, without developing any of the 
bittersweet flavors that generally go hand in hand with darker 
roasting styles.
某些烘焙商堅信他們的烘焙經驗,堅持只有淺度的烘焙可以發掘豆子的特性,而不會如同一般深度烘焙一樣開發出苦甜的風味。

Graph B shows a roasting curve for Kenya AA coffee, roasted 
to a lighter degree of Agtron 56. 
圖B顯示Kenya AA 淺烘焙的曲線
Many coffee professionals believe that it is impossible to create a palatable product with this light roast degree, and I firmly disagree! 
許多專家認為:如此淺度的烘焙無法產生可口的咖啡產品,我絕對不同意此種觀點。
The trick is in the speed of the process; 秘訣在於烘焙的速率
if roasting is done slowly enough, allowing enough time between the first crack and the end of the roast, then I guarantee you that there is true balance between roast flavor and bean characteristics. 
如果烘焙速率夠慢,在第一爆到下豆之間(未達第二爆)給予足夠的時間。那麼我保證可以得到"烘焙風味"與"豆子特性"間的真正平衡。
The objective in this case is to effectively slow down the roasting process right at the start of the first crack, which is shown in the lower section of Graph B. 
這種情形下的真正目標是要有效的"放慢第一爆發生後的烘烤過程"
The operator anticipates the first crack by reducing the energy supply of the burners at least 15 seconds before the first crack starts. 要於第一爆發生的至少15秒前減少能量的供給
As a result, there are at least three minutes between the start of  the first crack and the end of the roast, which comes at an Agtron bean color  of 56 (M-basic standard). 在第一爆到下豆之間(未達第二爆)維持至少3分鐘的時間

One word of caution: always prevent the coffee from baking, which would occur if the bean temperature stalls or decreases. 注意:不要讓豆子"烘焙",一般發生在停頓回降時。
Provided that you selected an exemplary Kenya bean, the resulting flavor 
is very balanced and rich in citrus fruit flavors with a refreshing aftertaste, 
resembling a well-ripened sweet tangerine.